Euler's identity is as misunderstood, as it is misattributed. Euler himself never committed the equation to paper. Firstly, it is not an identity as the values are not absolute. Secondly, major misconceptions in mathematics arise from the unspoken rules, in this case that the symbol = means equal to a given value of significance. E.g. 3.456432 = 3.4563456 (to 4 s.f.) To one significant figure both numbers would be 3. To five significant figures they are no longer equal. The equation e^{\pi i}+1=0 involves {e}, {\pi}, and {\i}, which are irrational and unreal numbers respectively. Raising these numbers to each other is not going to make them absolutely equal to anything, infinitely close yes, but not an absolute value. If we use algebra laws on Euler's identity it fails immediately and we see e^{\pi i} = -1. This means to one significant figure, the answer was negative one, however adding the arbitrary absolute value of 1 to the equation created an inequality and a value infi...
What I find hilarious about Spiral Dynamics is that the proponents of the theory never really engaged with their own content, if they had they would have recognised the flaws and addressed them. In principle the work of Graves and Beck should be a sound evaluation of human development throughout society, but like many pioneers they were blinded by their own personal belief systems and failed to apply their system to the wider biological world. Revised Spiral Dynamics according to Biscuits_Box. Level 1 - Personal selfishness: This is the fulfillment of our basic Maslow needs; Food, water, shelter, etc. "This is mine" Level 2 - Familial selfishness: The fulfillment of our secondary needs; compassion, recognition, safety. "This is ours" Level 3 - Tribal selfishness: The fulfillment of specific group societal expectations. "You are welcome if..." Level 4 - Belief selfishness: Our first humanistic trait and shame based; Primarily gatekeeping due to bias; relig...